![]() Conversely, decisions taken today can support modal shifts, make access more equitable and foster development of inclusive societies, which is the focus of our research at the University of Birmingham. Road development and management can embed unsustainable modes of transport and inequitable access, fragmenting communities and impacting on the environment. In 2020, in the United States alone, state and local governments spent $204 billion on highways and roads. Levels of investment in road infrastructure are also significant. Significant increases in road length are projected to happen in the global south and in some of the world’s last remaining wilderness areas, such as the Amazon, the Congo basin, and New Guinea. Global road length is projected to increase from 3.0 to 4.7 million km by 2050, which represents an increase of 14%–23% compared to estimates presented in 2018. They also support economic development - connecting people and businesses to markets, suppliers, and customers as well as leading to increased economic activity and job opportunities. Roads are essential to society - allowing people to access education, healthcare, and other key services, whilst reducing social isolation by connecting communities and supporting social and cultural activities and inclusion of underserved populations. Stagflation: The global economy is experiencing a period of stagflation, an economic cycle characterised by slow growth and a high unemployment rate accompanied by inflation.Ī question posed throughout the congress was ‘why do roads matter and how can they support efforts to achieve the SDGs?’ The answers are complex and multifaceted.The warmest eight years have all been since 2015, with 2016, 20 constituting the top three.Ĭonflict: The reaction of the various powers to war in Ukraine has confirmed the emergence of a multipolar world where global consensus is harder to attain and competing visions of the future jostle for position. ![]() Climate Change: More frequent and more intense extreme weather events have caused increasingly dangerous impacts on nature and people in every region of the world. ![]() Shocks: The COVID-19 crisis exacerbated the economic and fiscal problems of many countries, impacting on commodity prices, exports and leading to higher levels of external indebtedness and a flight of foreign direct investment toward countries deemed less risky and more robust in handling shocks.
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